please have a look in the following logfiles: /var/log/univention/management-console-server.log and /var/log/univention/management-console-web-server.log, right after you got the error message. Please post any error that is logged there.
An issue could be that ucs is running behind a proxy, so you may want to deactivate that to make sure, or configure the proxy on UCS correctly.
Hate to necro- but what was the problem in your firewall? I have a rule allowing ALL outbound traffic from my UCS DC. I also have a rule allowing inbound traffic via 22/80/443